What is Mouth Drooping?

Drooping of one side of the mouth occurs when facial muscles become weak due to nerve dysfunction. Patients may struggle to smile symmetrically or retain food and liquids while eating.

Common Causes

• Bell's Palsy
• Stroke
• Facial nerve injury
• Brain tumors
• Neurological disorders 

Investigations

• Neurological examination
• MRI Brain
• CT Brain
• Facial nerve testing 

Treatment Options

• Steroids
• Facial exercises
• Speech therapy
• Treatment of underlying cause 

Red Flags

• Limb weakness
• Speech difficulty
• Sudden onset
• Severe headache 

FAQs

Is mouth drooping always a stroke?

No, but stroke must be ruled out.

Can Bell's Palsy cause this symptom?

Yes.

Can physiotherapy help?

Often, yes.

When to Consult:

Early diagnosis helps distinguish Bell's Palsy from stroke and guides appropriate treatment.

What are Changes in Pupils?

The pupils are the black circular openings in the center of the eyes that regulate the amount of light entering the eye. Changes in pupil size, shape, symmetry, or reaction to light can sometimes indicate serious neurological conditions.

After head trauma, unequal pupils or sluggish pupil reactions may suggest increased pressure inside the skull or injury to important brain structures.

Common Causes

• Head injury
• Brain hemorrhage
• Stroke
• Brain tumors
• Nerve damage
• Eye disorders
• Medication effects
• Migraine 

How is it Diagnosed?

Doctors evaluate:

• Pupil size
• Reaction to light
• Eye movements
• Neurological function
• Vision 

Investigations

• CT Brain
• MRI Brain
• Eye examination
• Neurological assessment
• Blood tests 

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on correcting the underlying condition.

This may include:

• Emergency neurosurgical care
• Stroke treatment
• Management of eye disorders
• Medication adjustment 

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Seek medical evaluation if pupil changes are new, persistent, or associated with neurological symptoms.

Red Flags

• Unequal pupils after head injury
• Loss of consciousness
• Severe headache
• Vision loss
• Weakness
• Confusion
• Seizures 

FAQs

Are unequal pupils always dangerous?

Not always, but sudden changes require medical evaluation.

Can head injuries affect pupil size?

Yes. Pupil abnormalities are important indicators of brain injury.

Is imaging necessary?

Often yes, especially following trauma.

When to Consult:

Changes in pupil appearance may indicate serious neurological conditions. Prompt medical evaluation is essential.

What is Vomiting?

Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. While it often results from gastrointestinal conditions, it can also be a sign of neurological disease.

Following a head injury, vomiting may indicate concussion, brain swelling, or intracranial bleeding.

Common Causes

• Concussion
• Brain injury
• Migraine
• Infection
• Food poisoning
• Motion sickness 

Investigations

• CT Brain
• MRI Brain
• Blood tests
• Neurological assessment 

Treatment Options

• Hydration
• Antiemetics
• Treatment of underlying cause 

Red Flags

• Repeated vomiting
• Head injury
• Loss of consciousness
• Severe headache
• Confusion 

FAQs

How many episodes are concerning?

Repeated vomiting after head injury warrants immediate assessment.

Can vomiting indicate brain bleeding?

Yes.

Is vomiting common after concussion?

Yes.

When to Consult:

Seek prompt neurological evaluation if vomiting follows trauma or occurs with other neurological symptoms.

What is Nausea?

Nausea is an unpleasant sensation that creates the urge to vomit. It is a symptom rather than a disease and can arise from numerous medical conditions.

Following head trauma, nausea may indicate concussion, increased intracranial pressure, or vestibular dysfunction.

Common Causes

• Concussion
• Migraine
• Motion sickness
• Infections
• Digestive disorders
• Medication side effects
• Brain injury 

How is it Diagnosed?

Doctors assess:

• Duration
• Frequency
• Associated symptoms
• Medical history 

Investigations

• Blood tests
• CT Brain
• MRI Brain
• Gastrointestinal evaluation 

Treatment Options

• Hydration
• Anti-nausea medications
• Treatment of underlying cause 

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Seek evaluation if nausea is persistent or associated with neurological symptoms.

Red Flags

• Head injury
• Severe headache
• Repeated vomiting
• Weakness
• Vision changes 

FAQs

Can nausea occur without vomiting?

Yes.

Is nausea common after concussion?

Yes.

Can dehydration worsen nausea?

Absolutely.

When to Consult:

Persistent nausea deserves medical evaluation, especially when accompanied by neurological symptoms.

What are Visual Disturbances?

Visual disturbances include any change in normal vision, such as blurred vision, double vision, flashing lights, blind spots, loss of vision, or difficulty focusing.

These symptoms may arise from problems affecting the eyes, optic nerves, brain, or blood vessels supplying visual pathways.

Common Causes

• Head injury
• Concussion
• Migraine
• Stroke
• Optic nerve disorders
• Retinal disease
• Brain tumors
• Multiple sclerosis 

How is it Diagnosed?

Assessment includes:

• Vision testing
• Eye examination
• Neurological evaluation
• Symptom history 

Investigations

• MRI Brain
• CT Brain
• Visual field testing
• Fundus examination
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) 

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve:

• Medications
• Vision therapy
• Neurological treatment
• Surgical intervention 

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Seek evaluation if visual symptoms are persistent, recurrent, or sudden in onset.

Red Flags

• Sudden vision loss
• Double vision
• Vision changes with weakness
• Severe headache
• Stroke symptoms 

FAQs

Can a concussion affect vision?

Yes. Visual disturbances are common after concussion.

Is blurred vision always an eye problem?

No. Neurological conditions can also cause visual symptoms.

When is sudden vision loss an emergency?

Immediately, as it may indicate stroke or retinal damage.

When to Consult:

Prompt evaluation of visual symptoms can help protect vision and identify serious neurological conditions early.